1 关机，安装新硬盘。然后上电开机。
2 检查是否检测到了新硬盘：
@Physics-Precision-WorkStation-T5400:~$ ls -l /dev/sd* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 0 5月 23 09:20 /dev/sda brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 1 5月 23 09:20 /dev/sda1 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 2 5月 23 09:20 /dev/sda2 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 5 5月 23 09:20 /dev/sda5 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 16 5月 23 09:20 /dev/sdb
看到了新增加的硬盘为 /dev/sdb
3查看新硬盘的参数：
@Physics-Precision-WorkStation-T5400:~$ sudo hdparm -I /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb:
ATA device, with non-removable media Model Number: ST2000DM006-2DM164 Serial Number: W4Z4HPJC Firmware Revision: CC26 Transport: Serial, SATA 1.0a, SATA II Extensions, SATA Rev 2.5, SATA Rev 2.6, SATA Rev 3.0 Standards: Used: unknown (minor revision code 0x001f) Supported: 9 8 7 6 5 Likely used: 9 Configuration: Logical max current cylinders 16383 16383 heads 16 16 sectors/track 63 63 ............. IEEE OUI : 000c50 Unique ID : 0a8ebeb68 Checksum: correct
4 进行分区，由于我要用这块2T的希捷硬盘做数据盘，因此我将整块硬盘分成一个主分区，不再细分成扩展分区，逻辑分区。现在的系统都是64位的，因此是可以支持2T的主分区。
@Physics-Precision-WorkStation-T5400:~$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdb Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x1ab94f32. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
The device presents a logical sector size that is smaller than the physical sector size. Aligning to a physical sector (or optimal I/O) size boundary is recommended, or performance may be impacted.
Command (m for help): m #输入m查看帮助 Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): p #打印出硬盘信息
Disk /dev/sdb: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1ab94f32
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n #选择new一个分区 Partition type: p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extendedSelect (default p): #回车，默认p 主分区 Using default response pPartition number (1-4, default 1): 1 # 输入1，选择第一个主分区 First sector (2048-3907029167, default 2048): # 回车，默认起始扇区 Using default value 2048 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-3907029167, default 3907029167): #回车，默认结束扇区 Using default value 3907029167
Command (m for help): p #打印一下，查看，没有问题
Disk /dev/sdb: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1ab94f32
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdb1 2048 3907029167 1953513560 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w #输入w，写入并退出 The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
5 查看一下所有的硬盘：
@Physics-Precision-WorkStation-T5400:~$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders, total 488397168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000b8bcb
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 454848511 227423232 83 Linux /dev/sda2 454850558 488396799 16773121 5 Extended /dev/sda5 454850560 488396799 16773120 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Disk /dev/sdb: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 81 heads, 63 sectors/track, 765633 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1ab94f32
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 3907029167 1953513560 83 Linux
6 格式化硬盘，现在的Linux的文件格式都是ext4的格式了，记得几年前还有用ext3的格式。
Physics-Precision-WorkStation-T5400:~$ sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 mke2fs 1.42.9 (4-Feb-2014) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 122101760 inodes, 488378390 blocks 24418919 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296 14905 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 102400000, 214990848
Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
7 给新硬盘写个标签。
Physics-Precision-WorkStation-T5400:~$ sudo e2label /dev/sdb1 /ext4-2T-disk-1
8 给一个挂载点：
mkdir /home/yourname/dir
9 编辑 /etc/fstab文件：
sudo gedit /etc/fstab
在文件的最后一行加入：
LABEL=/ext4-2T-disk-1 /home/yourname/dir ext4 defaults 0 2
10 挂载
Physics-Precision-WorkStation-T5400:~$ sudo mount -a
11 这时候，你会发现挂载的盘，普通用户无法写入，需要授权
Physics-Precision-WorkStation-T5400:~$ sudo chown -R $(whoami) /home/yourname/dir
另外的参考:
查看硬盘分区的UUID
命令：sudo blkid
从上图可以清楚的看到，该硬盘已经格式化为ext4，标签为code
5.在已有的user目录下新建一个挂在点
命令：mkdir xxx
例如：我自己在已有的目录下创建一个code目录挂载新的硬盘分区，如：mkdir /home/jason/code
6.编辑系统挂载配置文件/etc/fstab
命令：sudo vim etc/fstab
按照已有的格式，将新加的硬盘分区信息添加到结尾；
注：格式为 设备名称 挂载点 分区类型 挂载选项 dump选项 fsck选项 dump选项–这一项为0，就表示从不备份。如果上次用dump备份，将显示备份至今的天数。 fsck选项 –启动时fsck检查的顺序。为0就表示不检查，（/）分区永远都是1，其它的分区只能从2开始，当数字相同就同时检查（但不能有两1）
7.修改对应的用户和权限
命令： sudo chown -R jason:jason /home/jason/code
sudo chmod -R 4755 /home/jason/code
注：chmod使用的数字的意思： 读（r=4），写（w=2），执行（x=1）可读可写为4+2=6 依次内存 755表示的是文件所有者权限7（三者权限之和），与所有者同组用户5（读+执行），其他用户同前一个5，这里的4的意思是（其他）用户执行拥有所有者相同的文件权限（对于其他要使用的文件）
8.重启电脑
命令：sudo reboot
