常见的数据类型
在上一章介绍了分词器和ik分词器的使用，有兴趣的可以参考一下 elasticSearch核心概念的介绍（六）：常见的中文分词器 在这一章我们介绍常见的字段类型
- 数据类型
- 核心数据类型
- 复杂数据类型
- 专用数据类型
核心数据类型
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字符串
- text
- 用于全文索引，该类型的字段将通过分词器进行分词
- keyword
- 不分词，只能搜索该字段的完整的值
- text
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数值型
- long，integer，short，byte，double，float，half_float，scaled_float
- 布尔-boolean
- 二进制-binary
- 该类型的字段把值当作经过base64编码的字符串，默认不存储，且不可搜索
- 范围类型
- 范围类型标识值是一个范围，而不是一个具体的值
- integer_range,float_range,long_range,double_range,date_range
- 例如age的类型是intege_range,那么值可以是{“gte”:20,“lte”:40};搜索 “term”:{“age”,21}可以搜索该值
- 日期-date
- 由于json没有date类型，所以es通过识别字符串是否符合format定义的格式来判断是否为date类型
- format默认为：strict_date_optional_time || epoch_millis
- 格式
- “2022-01-01” “2022/01/01 12:10:30” 这种字符串格式
- 从开始纪元(1970年1月1日0点) 开始的毫秒数
- 从开始纪元开始的秒数
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示例
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请求
- 创建索引和mapping
curl -X PUT "http://172.45.25.150:9200/nba/_mapping" -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d ' { "properties":{ "name":{ "type":"text" }, "team_name":{ "type":"text" }, "position":{ "type":"text" }, "play_year":{ "type":"text" }, "jerse_no":{ "type":"keyword" }, "title":{ "type":"text" }, "age":{ "type":"integer_range" }, "date":{ "type":"date" } } } ' -
新增一条id为1的doc数据(测试age范围类型和date)
curl -X POST "http://172.45.25.150:9200/nba/_doc/1" -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d ' { "name":"菜x坤", "team_name":"勇士", "position":"得分后卫", "play_year":10, "jerse_no":"31", "title":"打球最帅的明显", "age":{ "gte":18, "lte":40 }, "date":"2022-01-01" } ' -
新增一条id为2的doc数据(测试date)
curl -X POST "http://172.45.25.150:9200/nba/_doc/2" -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d ' { "name":"杨超越", "team_name":"猴急", "position":"得分后卫", "play_year":10, "jerse_no":"32", "title":"打球最可爱的明显", "age":{ "gte":18, "lte":35 }, "date":1645190312090 } '查询
- 请求
curl -X POST "http://172.45.25.150:9200/nba/_search" -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d ' { "query":{ "term":{ "age":35 } } } '-
响应
{ "took": 0, "timed_out": false, "_shards": { "total": 1, "successful": 1, "skipped": 0, "failed": 0 }, "hits": { "total": { "value": 2, "relation": "eq" }, "max_score": 1.0, "hits": [ { "_index": "nba", "_type": "_doc", "_id": "1", "_score": 1.0, "_source": { "name": "菜x坤", "team_name": "勇士", "position": "得分后卫", "play_year": 10, "jerse_no": "31", "title": "打球最帅的明显", "age": { "gte": 18, "lte": 40 }, "date": "2022-01-01" } }, { "_index": "nba", "_type": "_doc", "_id": "2", "_score": 1.0, "_source": { "name": "杨超越", "team_name": "猴急", "position": "得分后卫", "play_year": 10, "jerse_no": "32", "title": "打球最可爱的明显", "age": { "gte": 18, "lte": 35 }, "date": 1645190312090 } } ] } }
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复杂数据类型
-
数组类型Array
- ES 中没有专门的数字类型，直接使用[]定义即可，数组中所有的值必须是同一种类型,不支持混合数据类型的数组
- 字符串数组 [“one”,“two”]
- 整数数组 [1,2]
- Object数组[{“name”:“zhangsan”,“age”,18},{“name”:“lisi”,“age”:19}]
- 同一个数组只能存同类型的数据，不能混存，例如[1,“abc”]
Object对象类型
-
请求
curl -X POST "http://172.45.25.190:9200/nba/_doc/4" -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d ' { "name":"吴一凡", "team_name":"湖人", "position":"得分后卫", "play_year":10, "jerse_no":"33", "title":"最会说唱的明心", "date":1641886870, "array":[ "one","two" ], "address":{ "region":"China", "location":{ "province":"ShanDong", "city":"QingDao" } } } ' -
查询
curl -X POST "http://172.45.25.190:9200/nba/_search" -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d ' { "query":{ "match":{ "address.region":"China" } } } ' -
响应
{ "took": 10, "timed_out": false, "_shards": { "total": 1, "successful": 1, "skipped": 0, "failed": 0 }, "hits": { "total": { "value": 1, "relation": "eq" }, "max_score": 0.2876821, "hits": [ { "_index": "nba", "_type": "_doc", "_id": "4", "_score": 0.2876821, "_source": { "name": "吴一凡", "team_name": "湖人", "position": "得分后卫", "play_year": 10, "jerse_no": "33", "title": "最会说唱的明心", "date": 1641886870, "array": [ "one", "two" ], "address": { "region": "China", "location": { "province": "ShanDong", "city": "QingDao" } } } } ] } }
- ES 中没有专门的数字类型，直接使用[]定义即可，数组中所有的值必须是同一种类型,不支持混合数据类型的数组
专业数据类型
-
IP类型
- IP类型的字段用于存储IPv4或IPv6的地址，本质上是一个长整型字段
-
示例
-
修改索引mapping
curl -X POST "http://172.45.25.190:9200/nba/_mapping" -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d ' { "properties":{ "name":{ "type":"text" }, "team_name":{ "type":"text" }, "position":{ "type":"text" }, "play_year":{ "type":"text" }, "jerse_no":{ "type":"keyword" }, "title":{ "type":"text" }, "age":{ "type":"integer_range" }, "date":{ "type":"date" }, "ip_addr":{ "type":"ip" } } } ' -
插入文档数据
curl -X POST "http://172.45.25.190:9200/nba/_doc" -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d ' { "name":"库里", "team_name":"勇士", "position":"组织后卫", "play_year":"10", "jerse_no":"30", "ip_addr":"192.168.0.1" } ' -
查询
curl -X POST "http://172.45.25.190:9200/nba/_search" -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d ' { "query":{ "term":{ "ip_addr":"192.168.0.1/16" } } } '192.168.0.1/16 查询 192.168.0.1-192.168.0.16之间的范围数据
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响应
{ "took": 0, "timed_out": false, "_shards": { "total": 1, "successful": 1, "skipped": 0, "failed": 0 }, "hits": { "total": { "value": 1, "relation": "eq" }, "max_score": 1.0, "hits": [ { "_index": "nba", "_type": "_doc", "_id": "5", "_score": 1.0, "_source": { "name": "库里", "team_name": "勇士", "position": "组织后卫", "play_year": "10", "jerse_no": "30", "ip_addr": "192.168.0.1" } } ] } }
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