ls：list（列出目录内容）
cd：Change Directory（改变目录）
su：switch user （切换用户）
rpm：redhat package manager（红帽包管理器）
pwd：print working directory（打印当前目录，显示出当前工作目录的绝对路径）
ps：process status(进程状态，类似于windows的任务管理器，ps -auxf 显示进程状态）
df：disk free（其功能是显示磁盘可用空间数目信息及空间结点信息。换句话说，就是报告在任何安装的设备或目录中，还剩多少自由的空间。）
rmdir：Remove Directory（删除目录）
rm：Remove（删除目录或文件）
cat：concatenate（连接 cat file1 file2>>file3把文件1和文件2的内容联合起来放到file3中）
insmod：install module（载入模块）
ln -s：link -soft（创建一个软链接，相当于创建一个快捷方式）
mkdir：Make Directory（创建目录）
touch：修改文件日期
man：Manual（手册，指南）
mkfs：Make file system（创建文件系统）
fsck：File system check（文件系统检查）
uname：Unix name（unix名称）
du：Disk usage（磁盘文件使用情况）
lsmod：List modules
mv：Move file（移动文件）
cp：Copy file（复制文件）
ln：Link files（链接文件）
fg：Foreground
bg：Background
chown：Change owner 改变用户
chgrp：Change group 改变组
chmod：Change mode 改变权限
umount：Unmount 卸载
dd：本来应根据其功能描述“Convert an copy”命名为“cc”，但“cc”已经被用以代表“C Complier”，所以命名为“dd”
tar：Tape archive
ldd：List dynamic dependencies
insmod：Install module
rmmod：Remove module
lsmod：List module
文件结尾的"rc"（如.bashrc、.xinitrc等）：Resource configuration（资源配置）
Knnxxx / Snnxxx（位于rcx.d目录下）：K（Kill）；S(Service)；nn（执行顺序号）；xxx（服务标识）
.a（扩展名a）：Archive，static library（静态库）
.so（扩展名so）：Shared object，dynamically linked library（共享对象，动态链接库）
.o（扩展名o）：Object file，complied result of C/C++ source file（对象文件）
dpkg：Debian package manager（Debian包管理器）
apt：Advanced package tool（Debian或基于Debian的发行版中提供）
bin = BINaries #下面的是一些二进制程序文件
/dev = DEVices #下面的是一些硬件驱动
/etc = ETCetera（etcetera： [et'setərə] ， n.附加的人；附加物；以及其它；等等） #目录存放着各种系统配置文件, 类似于windows下的system
/lib = LIBrary
/proc = PROCesses
/sbin = Superuser BINaries
/tmp = TeMPorary
/usr = Unix Shared Resources
/var = VARiable
/boot=boot #下面的是开机启动文件
FIFO = First In, First Out
GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader
IFS = Internal Field Seperators
LILO = LInux LOader
MySQL = My是最初作者女儿的名字，SQL = Structured Query Language
PHP = Personal Home Page Tools = PHP Hypertext Preprocessor
PS = Prompt String 提示字符串
Perl = "Pratical Extraction and Report Language" = "Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister"
Python 得名于电视剧Monty Python's Flying Circus
Tcl = Tool Command Language
Tk = ToolKit
VT = Video Terminal
YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool
apache = "a patchy" server
ar = archiver
as = assembler
awk = "Aho Weiberger and Kernighan" 三个作者的姓的第一个字母
bash = Bourne Again SHell
bc = Basic (Better) Calculator
biff = 作者Heidi Stettner在U.C.Berkely养的一条狗,喜欢对邮递员汪汪叫。
cal = CALendar
cat = CATenate
chsh = CHange SHell
cmp = compare
cobra = Common Object Request Broker Architecture
comm = common
cpio = CoPy In and Out
cpp = C Pre Processor
cron = Chronos 希腊文时间
cups = Common Unix Printing System
cvs = Current Version System
daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor
dc = Desk Calculator
dd = Disk Dump
diff = DIFFerence
dmesg = diagnostic message
ed = editor
egrep = Extended GREP
elf = Extensible Linking Format
elm = ELectronic Mail
emacs = Editor MACroS
eval = EVALuate
ex = EXtended
exec = EXECute
fd = file descriptors
fgrep = Fixed GREP
fmt = format
fstab = FileSystem TABle
fvwm = F*** Virtual Window Manager
gawk = GNU AWK
gpg = GNU Privacy Guard
groff = GNU troff
hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer
joe = Joe's Own Editor
ksh = Korn SHell
lame = Lame Ain't an MP3 Encoder
lex = LEXical analyser
lisp = LISt Processing = Lots of Irritating Superfluous Parentheses
lpr = Line PRint
lsof = LiSt Open Files
m4 = Macro processor Version 4
mawk = Mike Brennan's AWK
mc = Midnight Commander
mknod = MaKe NODe
motd = Message of The Day
mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa
mtab = Mount TABle
nano = Nano's ANOther editor
nawk = New AWK
nl = Number of Lines
nm = names
nohup = No HangUP
nroff = New ROFF
od = Octal Dump
passwd = PASSWorD
pg = pager
pico = PIne's message COmposition editor
pine = "Program for Internet News & Email" = "Pine is not Elm"
ping = 拟声 又 = Packet InterNet Grouper
pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability
popd = POP Directory
pr = pre
printf = PRINT Formatted（有格式的打印）
pty = pseudo tty
pushd = PUSH Directory
rc = runcom = run command，rc还是plan9的shell
rev = REVerse
rn = Read News
roff = RunOFF
rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat Package Manager
rsh, rlogin, rvim中的r = Remote
rxvt = ouR XVT
seamoneky = 我
sed = Stream EDitor
seq = SEQuence
shar = SHell ARchive
slrn = S-Lang rn
ssh = Secure SHell（安全shell）
ssl = Secure Sockets Layer
stty = Set TTY
svn = SubVersioN
tar = Tape ARchive
tcsh = TENEX C shell
tee = T (T形水管接口)
telnet = TEminaL over Network
termcap = terminal capability
terminfo = terminal information
tex = τέχνη的缩写，希腊文art
tr = traslate
troff = Typesetter new ROFF
tsort = Topological SORT
tty = TeleTypewriter
twm = Tom's Window Manager
tz = TimeZone
udev = Userspace DEV
ulimit = User's LIMIT
umask = User's MASK
uniq = UNIQue
vi = VIsual = Very Inconvenient
vim = Vi IMproved
wall = write all
wc = Word Count
wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator
xargs = eXtended ARGuments
xdm = X Display Manager
xlfd = X Logical Font Description
xmms = X Multimedia System
xrdb = X Resources DataBase
xwd = X Window Dump
yacc = yet another compiler compiler
Fish = the Friendly Interactive SHell
su = Switch User
MIME = Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
ECMA = European Computer Manufacturers Association
