Prometheus+Grafana+Alertmanager部署教程（超详细）

1. 下载

• prometheus（国内镜像）：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/github-release/prometheus/prometheus/2.34.0%20_%202022-03-15/prometheus-2.34.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
• pushgateway（国外镜像，较慢）：https://github.com/prometheus/pushgateway/releases/download/v1.4.2/pushgateway-1.4.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz
• node-exporter（国外镜像，较慢）: https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.3.1/node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
• Grafana(国内镜像)：https://repo.huaweicloud.com/grafana/8.4.7/grafana-enterprise-8.4.7.linux-amd64.tar.gz
• Alertmanager（国外镜像，较慢）：https://github.com/prometheus/alertmanager/releases/download/v0.24.0/alertmanager-0.24.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

进入服务器，执行如下命令下载：

cd /opt
mkdir prometheus_env
cd prometheus_env
wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/github-release/prometheus/prometheus/2.34.0%20_%202022-03-15/prometheus-2.34.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
wget https://github.com/prometheus/pushgateway/releases/download/v1.4.2/pushgateway-1.4.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz
wget https://github.com/prometheus/pushgateway/releases/download/v1.4.2/pushgateway-1.4.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz
wget https://repo.huaweicloud.com/grafana/8.4.7/grafana-enterprise-8.4.7.linux-amd64.tar.gz
wget https://github.com/prometheus/alertmanager/releases/download/v0.24.0/alertmanager-0.24.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

2. 解压

tar -zxvf prometheus-2.34.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -zxvf pushgateway-1.4.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -zxvf pushgateway-1.4.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -zxvf alertmanager-0.24.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -zxvf grafana-enterprise-8.4.7.linux-amd64.tar.gz

3. 配置 3.1 修改prometheus.yml 配置文件

cd /opt/prometheus_env/prometheus-2.34.0.linux-amd64
vi prometheus.yml

内容如下：

global:
  scrape_interval: 15s
  evaluation_interval: 15s 

alerting:
  alertmanagers:
  - static_configs:
    - targets:
       - 127.0.0.1:9093

rule_files:
  - "/opt/prometheus_env/prometheus-2.34.0.linux-amd64/alarm_rules.yml"

scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'prometheus'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['127.0.0.1:9090']
        labels:
          instance: 'prometheus'
  - job_name: 'linux'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['127.0.0.1:9100']
        labels:
          instance: 'localhost'
  - job_name: 'pushgateway'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['127.0.0.1:9091']
        labels:
          instance: 'pushgateway'

3.2 新增alarm_rules.yml 文件

cd /opt/prometheus_env/prometheus-2.34.0.linux-amd64
vi alarm_rules.yml

内容如下：

groups:
- name: node
  rules:
  - alert: server_status
    expr: up{} == 0 
    for: 15s
    annotations:
      summary: "机器{{ $labels.instance }} 挂了"
      description: "请立即查看问题!"
  - alert: server_status
    expr: 100 - ((node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes * 100) / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes) > 40     
    for: 1s
    annotations:
      summary: "机器{{ $labels.instance }} 内存大于50%"
      description: "请立即查看问题!"
  - alert: server_status
    expr: (1 - avg(rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle"}[2m])) by (instance)) * 100 > 70  
    for: 1s
    annotations:
      summary: "机器{{ $labels.instance }} CPU使用率大于70%"
      description: "请立即查看问题!"        
  - alert: server_status
    expr: max((node_filesystem_size_bytes{fstype=~"ext.?|xfs"}-node_filesystem_free_bytes{fstype=~"ext.?|xfs"}) *100/(node_filesystem_avail_bytes {fstype=~"ext.?|xfs"}+(node_filesystem_size_bytes{fstype=~"ext.?|xfs"}-node_filesystem_free_bytes{fstype=~"ext.?|xfs"})))by(instance) > 80  
    for: 15s
    annotations:
      summary: "机器{{ $labels.instance }} 分区使用率大于80%"
      description: "请立即查看问题!"  

3.3 修改alertmanager.yml 文件

cd /opt/prometheus_env/alertmanager-0.24.0.linux-amd64
vi alertmanager.yml

修改内容如下：

global:
  resolve_timeout: 5m
  smtp_smarthost: 'smtp.exmail.qq.com:465' # 定义163邮箱服务器端
  smtp_from: '你的邮箱地址@qq.com'  #来自哪个邮箱发的
  smtp_auth_username: 'yanglinwei@digibms.com' 邮箱验证
  smtp_auth_password: '邮箱密码'   # 邮箱授权码，不是登录密码
  smtp_require_tls: false   # 是否启用tls

route:
  group_by: ['alertname']
  group_wait: 10s
  group_interval: 10s
  repeat_interval: 3m  # 发送告警后间隔多久再次发送，减少发送邮件频率
  receiver: 'mail'    #发送的告警媒体

receivers:
- name: 'mail'        # 接收者配置，这里要与接收媒体一致
  email_configs: 
  - to: '接收邮箱@qq.com' #发送给谁的邮箱，多个人多行列出
#inhibit_rules:
#  - source_match:
#      severity: 'critical'
#    target_match:
#      severity: 'warning'
#    equal: ['alertname', 'dev', 'instance']

3.4 修改defaults.ini文件

修改defaults.ini 是界面可以匿名访问：

vi vi /opt/prometheus_env/grafana-8.4.7/conf/defaults.ini 

内容如下：

#################################### Anonymous Auth ######################
[auth.anonymous]
# enable anonymous access
enabled = true

3.3 新增service文件

cd /usr/lib/systemd/system

① pushgateway.service文件，内容如下：

[Unit]
Description=Prometheus Push Gateway
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/opt/prometheus_env/pushgateway-1.4.2.linux-amd64/pushgateway

User=root
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

② node_exporter.service文件，内容如下：

[Unit]
Description=Prometheus Node Exporter
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/opt/prometheus_env/node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-amd64/node_exporter

User=root
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

③ prometheus.service文件，内容如下：

[Unit]
Description=Prometheus Service
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/opt/prometheus_env/prometheus-2.34.0.linux-amd64/prometheus \
--config.file=/opt/prometheus_env/prometheus-2.34.0.linux-amd64/prometheus.yml \
--web.read-timeout=5m  \
--web.max-connections=10 \
--storage.tsdb.retention=15d \
--storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus/data \
--query.max-concurrency=20 \
--query.timeout=2m

User=root
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

④ grafana.service文件，内容如下：

[Unit]
Description=Grafana
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/opt/prometheus_env/grafana-8.4.7/bin/grafana-server \
 --config=/opt/prometheus_env/grafana-8.4.7/conf/defaults.ini \
 --homepath=/opt/prometheus_env/grafana-8.4.7

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

⑤ alertmanager.service文件，内容如下：

[Unit]
Description=Prometheus alertmanager
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/opt/prometheus_env/alertmanager-0.24.0.linux-amd64/alertmanager \
--storage.path=/opt/prometheus_env/alertmanager-0.24.0.linux-amd64/data \
--config.file=/opt/prometheus_env/alertmanager-0.24.0.linux-amd64/alertmanager.yml

User=root
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

4. 启动

重载配置：

systemctl daemon-reload

开启服务：

systemctl start pushgateway
systemctl start node_exporter
systemctl start prometheus
systemctl start grafana
systemctl start alertmanager

设置开机启动：

systemctl enable pushgateway
systemctl enable node_exporter
systemctl enable prometheus
systemctl enable grafana
systemctl enable alertmanager

查看服务状态:

systemctl status pushgateway

5. 其它命令

开启端口，能被浏览器访问（例如开启：3000）

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3000/tcp --permanent

重启防火墙：

firewall-cmd --reload

查看端口：

netstat -tunlp | grep 9090

查看进程：

ps -elf|grep promethues

6. 浏览器验证

浏览器打开：

• http://127.0.0.1:9090/targets (账号密码均为admin)

• http://127.0.0.1:3000/