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ES常用的查询语句（全文检索精准度、match、term、should、must、bool、minimum_should_match、sort）

发布时间：2022-08-30 23:43:48 ，浏览量：7

一、制造数据 1.1 新建索引并增加数据 
POST /data/article/_bulk
{ "index": { "_id": 1 }}
{ "articleID" : "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3", "userID" : 1, "hidden": false, "postDate": "2022-01-01" }
{ "index": { "_id": 2 }}
{ "articleID" : "KDKE-B-9947-#kL5", "userID" : 1, "hidden": false, "postDate": "2022-01-02" }
{ "index": { "_id": 3 }}
{ "articleID" : "JODL-X-1937-#pV7", "userID" : 2, "hidden": false, "postDate": "2022-01-01" }
{ "index": { "_id": 4 }}
{ "articleID" : "QQPX-R-3956-#aD8", "userID" : 2, "hidden": true, "postDate": "2022-01-02" }

 1.2 追加新增字段 
# 追加新增字段
POST /data/article/_bulk
{"update":{"_id":"1"}}
{"doc":{"title":"this is java and elasticsearch blog"}}
{"update":{"_id":"2"}}
{"doc":{"title":"this is java blog"}}
{"update":{"_id":"3"}}
{"doc":{"title":"this is elasticsearch blog"}}
{"update":{"_id":"4"}}
{"doc":{"title":"this is java, elasticsearch, hadoop blog"}}
{"update":{"_id":"5"}}
{"doc":{"title":"this is spark blog"}}

1.3 查看添加的数据 
# 查看数据
GET data/_search

#! Elasticsearch built-in security features are not enabled. Without authentication, your cluster could be accessible to anyone. See https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.17/security-minimal-setup.html to enable security.
{
  "took" : 151,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 4,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "data",
        "_type" : "article",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "articleID" : "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3",
          "userID" : 1,
          "hidden" : false,
          "postDate" : "2022-01-01",
          "title" : "this is java and elasticsearch blog"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "data",
        "_type" : "article",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "articleID" : "KDKE-B-9947-#kL5",
          "userID" : 1,
          "hidden" : false,
          "postDate" : "2022-01-02",
          "title" : "this is java blog"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "data",
        "_type" : "article",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "articleID" : "JODL-X-1937-#pV7",
          "userID" : 2,
          "hidden" : false,
          "postDate" : "2022-01-01",
          "title" : "this is elasticsearch blog"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "data",
        "_type" : "article",
        "_id" : "4",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "articleID" : "QQPX-R-3956-#aD8",
          "userID" : 2,
          "hidden" : true,
          "postDate" : "2022-01-02",
          "title" : "this is java, elasticsearch, hadoop blog"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
二、Text分词匹配 2.1 搜索标题中包含java或elasticsearch的条目
  • match query，是负责进行全文检索的,分詞匹配的。 
GET /data/article/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "title": "java elasticsearch"
    }
  }
}
#! Elasticsearch built-in security features are not enabled. Without authentication, your cluster could be accessible to anyone. See https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.17/security-minimal-setup.html to enable security.
#! [types removal] Specifying types in search requests is deprecated.
{
  "took" : 0,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 4,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 0.6593991,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "data",
        "_type" : "article",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.6593991,
        "_source" : {
          "articleID" : "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3",
          "userID" : 1,
          "hidden" : false,
          "postDate" : "2022-01-01",
          "title" : "this is java and elasticsearch blog"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "data",
        "_type" : "article",
        "_id" : "4",
        "_score" : 0.6593991,
        "_source" : {
          "articleID" : "QQPX-R-3956-#aD8",
          "userID" : 2,
          "hidden" : true,
          "postDate" : "2022-01-02",
          "title" : "this is java, elasticsearch, hadoop blog"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "data",
        "_type" : "article",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 0.38845783,
        "_source" : {
          "articleID" : "KDKE-B-9947-#kL5",
          "userID" : 1,
          "hidden" : false,
          "postDate" : "2022-01-02",
          "title" : "this is java blog"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "data",
        "_type" : "article",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 0.38845783,
        "_source" : {
          "articleID" : "JODL-X-1937-#pV7",
          "userID" : 2,
          "hidden" : false,
          "postDate" : "2022-01-01",
          "title" : "this is elasticsearch blog"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
2.2 搜索标题中包含java和elasticsearch的条目
  • 灵活使用and关键字，如果你是希望所有的搜索关键字都要匹配的，那么就用and，可以实现单纯match query无法实现的效果 
GET /data/article/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "title": {
        "query": "java elasticsearch",
        "operator": "and"
      }
    }
  }
}
#! Elasticsearch built-in security features are not enabled. Without authentication, your cluster could be accessible to anyone. See https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.17/security-minimal-setup.html to enable security.
#! [types removal] Specifying types in search requests is deprecated.
{
  "took" : 2,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 2,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 0.6593991,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "data",
        "_type" : "article",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.6593991,
        "_source" : {
          "articleID" : "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3",
          "userID" : 1,
          "hidden" : false,
          "postDate" : "2022-01-01",
          "title" : "this is java and elasticsearch blog"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "data",
        "_type" : "article",
        "_id" : "4",
        "_score" : 0.6593991,
        "_source" : {
          "articleID" : "QQPX-R-3956-#aD8",
          "userID" : 2,
          "hidden" : true,
          "postDate" : "2022-01-02",
          "title" : "this is java, elasticsearch, hadoop blog"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
2.3 搜索包含java，elasticsearch，spark，hadoop，4个关键字中，至少3个的条目
  • 指定一些关键字中，必须至少匹配其中的多少个关键字，才能作为结果返回 
GET /data/article/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "title": {
        "query": "java elasticsearch spark hadhoop",
        "minimum_should_match": "50%"
      }
    }
  }
}
#! Elasticsearch built-in security features are not enabled. Without authentication, your cluster could be accessible to anyone. See https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.17/security-minimal-setup.html to enable security.
#! [types removal] Specifying types in search requests is deprecated.
{
  "took" : 0,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 2,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 0.6593991,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "data",
        "_type" : "article",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.6593991,
        "_source" : {
          "articleID" : "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3",
          "userID" : 1,
          "hidden" : false,
          "postDate" : "2022-01-01",
          "title" : "this is java and elasticsearch blog"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "data",
        "_type" : "article",
        "_id" : "4",
        "_score" : 0.6593991,
        "_source" : {
          "articleID" : "QQPX-R-3956-#aD8",
          "userID" : 2,
          "hidden" : true,
          "postDate" : "2022-01-02",
          "title" : "this is java, elasticsearch, hadoop blog"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
2.4 用bool组合多个搜索条件，来搜索title 
GET /data/article/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {
          "match": {
            "title": "java"
          }
        }
      ],
      "must_not": {
        "match": {
          "title": "spark"
        }
      },
      "should": [
        {
          "match": {
            "title": "hadoop"
          }
        },
        {
          "match": {
            "title": "elasticsearch"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}
  • must是确保必须有这个关键字，同时会根据这个must的条件去计算出document对这个搜索条件的relevance score 在满足must的基础之上，should中的条件，不匹配也可以，但是如果匹配的更多，那么document的relevance score就会更高。
  • should是可以影响相关度分数的 
#! Elasticsearch built-in security features are not enabled. Without authentication, your cluster could be accessible to anyone. See https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.17/security-minimal-setup.html to enable security.
#! [types removal] Specifying types in search requests is deprecated.
{
  "took" : 1,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 3,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.7723151,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "data",
        "_type" : "article",
        "_id" : "4",
        "_score" : 1.7723151,
        "_source" : {
          "articleID" : "QQPX-R-3956-#aD8",
          "userID" : 2,
          "hidden" : true,
          "postDate" : "2022-01-02",
          "title" : "this is java, elasticsearch, hadoop blog"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "data",
        "_type" : "article",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.6593991,
        "_source" : {
          "articleID" : "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3",
          "userID" : 1,
          "hidden" : false,
          "postDate" : "2022-01-01",
          "title" : "this is java and elasticsearch blog"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "data",
        "_type" : "article",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 0.38845783,
        "_source" : {
          "articleID" : "KDKE-B-9947-#kL5",
          "userID" : 1,
          "hidden" : false,
          "postDate" : "2022-01-02",
          "title" : "this is java blog"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
2.5 搜索java，hadoop，spark，elasticsearch，至少包含其中3个关键字
  • 默认情况下，should是可以不匹配任何一个的，比如上面的搜索中，this is java blog，就不匹配任何一个should条件,但是有个例外的情况，如果没有must的话，那么should中必须至少匹配一个才可以,比如下面的搜索，should中有4个条件，默认情况下，只要满足其中一个条件，就可以匹配作为结果返回。
  • 可以精准控制，should的4个条件中，至少匹配几个才能作为结果返回 
GET /data/article/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        {
          "match": {
            "title": "java"
          }
        },
        {
          "match": {
            "title": "elasticsearch"
          }
        },
        {
          "match": {
            "title": "hadoop"
          }
        },
        {
          "match": {
            "title": "spark"
          }
        }
      ],
      "minimum_should_match": 3
    }
  }
}
#! Elasticsearch built-in security features are not enabled. Without authentication, your cluster could be accessible to anyone. See https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.17/security-minimal-setup.html to enable security.
#! [types removal] Specifying types in search requests is deprecated.
{
  "took" : 0,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 1,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.7723153,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "data",
        "_type" : "article",
        "_id" : "4",
        "_score" : 1.7723153,
        "_source" : {
          "articleID" : "QQPX-R-3956-#aD8",
          "userID" : 2,
          "hidden" : true,
          "postDate" : "2022-01-02",
          "title" : "this is java, elasticsearch, hadoop blog"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
2.6 普通match如何转换为term+should
  • 使用诸如上面的match query进行多值搜索的时候，es会在底层自动将这个match query转换为bool的语法 bool should，指定多个搜索词，同时使用term query

转换前： 

GET /data/article/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "title": "java elasticsearch"
    }
  }
}

转换后： 

GET /data/article/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        {
          "term": {
            "title": "java"
          }
        },
        {
          "term": {
            "title": "elasticsearch"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

查询数据结果： 

#! Elasticsearch built-in security features are not enabled. Without authentication, your cluster could be accessible to anyone. See https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.17/security-minimal-setup.html to enable security.
#! [types removal] Specifying types in search requests is deprecated.
{
  "took" : 0,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 4,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 0.6593991,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "data",
        "_type" : "article",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.6593991,
        "_source" : {
          "articleID" : "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3",
          "userID" : 1,
          "hidden" : false,
          "postDate" : "2022-01-01",
          "title" : "this is java and elasticsearch blog"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "data",
        "_type" : "article",
        "_id" : "4",
        "_score" : 0.6593991,
        "_source" : {
          "articleID" : "QQPX-R-3956-#aD8",
          "userID" : 2,
          "hidden" : true,
          "postDate" : "2022-01-02",
          "title" : "this is java, elasticsearch, hadoop blog"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "data",
        "_type" : "article",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 0.38845783,
        "_source" : {
          "articleID" : "KDKE-B-9947-#kL5",
          "userID" : 1,
          "hidden" : false,
          "postDate" : "2022-01-02",
          "title" : "this is java blog"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "data",
        "_type" : "article",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 0.38845783,
        "_source" : {
          "articleID" : "JODL-X-1937-#pV7",
          "userID" : 2,
          "hidden" : false,
          "postDate" : "2022-01-01",
          "title" : "this is elasticsearch blog"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
2.6 and match如何转换为term+must

转换前： 

GET /data/article/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "title": {
        "query": "java elasticsearch",
        "operator": "and"
      }
    }
  }
}

转换后： 

GET /data/article/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {
          "term": {
            "title": "java"
          }
        },
        {
          "term": {
            "title": "elasticsearch"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

查询数据结果： 

#! Elasticsearch built-in security features are not enabled. Without authentication, your cluster could be accessible to anyone. See https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.17/security-minimal-setup.html to enable security.
#! [types removal] Specifying types in search requests is deprecated.
{
  "took" : 0,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 2,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 0.6593991,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "data",
        "_type" : "article",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.6593991,
        "_source" : {
          "articleID" : "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3",
          "userID" : 1,
          "hidden" : false,
          "postDate" : "2022-01-01",
          "title" : "this is java and elasticsearch blog"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "data",
        "_type" : "article",
        "_id" : "4",
        "_score" : 0.6593991,
        "_source" : {
          "articleID" : "QQPX-R-3956-#aD8",
          "userID" : 2,
          "hidden" : true,
          "postDate" : "2022-01-02",
          "title" : "this is java, elasticsearch, hadoop blog"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
2.7 minimum_should_match如何转换

转换前： 

GET /data/article/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "title": {
        "query": "java elasticsearch hadoop spark",
        "minimum_should_match": "75%"
      }
    }
  }
}

转换后： 

GET /data/article/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        {
          "term": {
            "title": "java"
          }
        },
        {
          "term": {
            "title": "elasticsearch"
          }
        },
        {
          "term": {
            "title": "hadoop"
          }
        },
        {
          "term": {
            "title": "spark"
          }
        }
      ],
      "minimum_should_match": 3
    }
  }
}

查询数据结果： 

#! Elasticsearch built-in security features are not enabled. Without authentication, your cluster could be accessible to anyone. See https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.17/security-minimal-setup.html to enable security.
#! [types removal] Specifying types in search requests is deprecated.
{
  "took" : 0,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 1,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.7723153,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "data",
        "_type" : "article",
        "_id" : "4",
        "_score" : 1.7723153,
        "_source" : {
          "articleID" : "QQPX-R-3956-#aD8",
          "userID" : 2,
          "hidden" : true,
          "postDate" : "2022-01-02",
          "title" : "this is java, elasticsearch, hadoop blog"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
2.8 使用sort对查询数据排序，并按照size返回查询的数量
  • desc：降序
  • asc：升序 
GET /data/article/_search?size=2
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "title": "java elasticsearch"
    }
  },
  "sort": {
    "postDate": {
      "order": "desc"
    }
  }
}
#! Elasticsearch built-in security features are not enabled. Without authentication, your cluster could be accessible to anyone. See https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.17/security-minimal-setup.html to enable security.
#! [types removal] Specifying types in search requests is deprecated.
{
  "took" : 0,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 4,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : null,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "data",
        "_type" : "article",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : null,
        "_source" : {
          "articleID" : "KDKE-B-9947-#kL5",
          "userID" : 1,
          "hidden" : false,
          "postDate" : "2022-01-02",
          "title" : "this is java blog"
        },
        "sort" : [
          1641081600000
        ]
      },
      {
        "_index" : "data",
        "_type" : "article",
        "_id" : "4",
        "_score" : null,
        "_source" : {
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