Python sys Variables
| 变量 | 说明 |
|---|
| argv | Command line args |
| builtin_module_names | Linked C modules |
| byteorder | Native byte order |
| exec_prefix | Root directory |
| executable | Name of executable |
| modules | Loaded modules |
| path | Search path |
| platform | Current platform |
| stdin, stdout, stderr | File objects for I/O |
| version_info | Python version info |
| version | Version number |
Python sys.argv
sys.argv for the command:
$ python foo.py bar -c qux --h
| 变量 | 值 |
|---|
| sys.argv[0] | foo.py |
| sys.argv[1] | bar |
| sys.argv[2] | -c |
| sys.argv[3] | qux |
| sys.argv[4] | –h |
Python os Variables
| 方法 | 说明 |
|---|
| altsep | Alternative sep |
| curdir | Current dir string |
| defpath | Default search path |
| devnull | Path of null device |
| extsep | Extension separator |
| linesep | Line separator |
| name | Name of OS |
| pardir | Parent dir string |
| pathsep | Patch separator |
| sep | Path separator |
Registered OS names: “posix”, “nt”, “mac”, “os2”, “ce”, “java”, “riscos”
Python Class Special Methods
| 方法 | 说明 |
|---|
| _new_(cls) | |
| init(self, args) | |
| _del_(self) | |
| _str_(self) | |
| repr(self) | |
| lt(self, other) | |
| le(self, other) | |
| gt(self, other) | |
| ge(self, other) | |
| eq(self, other) | |
| ne(self, other) | |
| _cmp_(self, other) | |
| index(self) | |
| nonzero(self) | |
| hash(self) | |
| getattr(self, name) | |
| _getattribute_(self, name) | |
| setattr(self, name, attr) | |
| delattr(self, name) | |
| call(self, args, kwargs) | |
Python List Methods
| 方法 | 说明 |
|---|
| append(item) | |
| pop(position) | |
| count(item) | |
| remove(item) | |
| extend(list) | |
| reverse() | |
| index(item) | |
| sort() | |
| insert(position, item) | |
Python String Methods
| 方法 | 说明 |
|---|
| decode() | |
| encode() | |
| count(sub, start, end) | |
| index(sub, start, end) | |
| rindex(sub, start, end) | |
| find(sub, start, end) | |
| rfind(sub, start ,end) | |
| startswith(sub) | |
| endswith(sub) | |
| center(width) | |
| rjust(width) | |
| ljust(width) | |
| zfill(width) | |
| expandtabs() | |
| strip() | |
| lstrip() | |
| rstrip() | |
| split(sep) | |
| rsplit(sep) | |
| splitlines() | |
| partition(sep) | |
| rpartition(sep) | |
| join() | |
| swapcase() * | |
| capitalize() * | |
| title() * | |
| translate(table) | |
| lower() * | |
| upper() * | |
| replace(old, new) | |
| isdigit() * | |
| isalnum() * | |
| isspace() * | |
| istitle() * | |
| islower() * | |
| isupper() * | |
| isalpha() * | |
Methods marked * are locale dependant for 8-bit strings.
Python File Methods
| 方法 | 说明 |
|---|
| close() | |
| readlines(size) | |
| flush() | |
| seek(offset) | |
| fileno() | |
| tell() | |
| isatty() | |
| truncate(size) | |
| next() | |
| write(string) | |
| read(size) | |
| writelines(list) | |
| readline(size) | |
Python Indexes and Slices
Indexes and Slices of a=[0,1,2,3,4,5]
| 操作 | 结果 |
|---|
| len(a) | 6 |
| a[0] | 0 |
| a[5] | 5 |
| a[-1] | 5 |
| a[-2] | 4 |
| a[1:] | [1,2,3,4,5] |
| a[:5] | [0,1,2,3,4] |
| a[:-2] | [0,1,2,3] |
| a[1:3] | [1,2] |
| a[1:-1] | [1,2,3,4] |
| b=a[:] | Shallow copy of a |
Python Datetime Methods
| 操作 | 结果 |
|---|
| today() | |
| fromordinal(ordinal) | |
| now(timezoneinfo) | |
| combine(date, time) | |
| utcnow() | |
| strptime(date, format) | |
| fromtimestamp(timestamp) | |
| utcfromtimestamp(timestamp) | |
Python Time Methods
| 操作 | 结果 |
|---|
| replace() | |
| utcoffset() | |
| isoformat() | |
| dst() | |
| str() | |
| tzname() | |
| strftime(format) | |
| 字符 | 说明 |
|---|
| %a | Abbreviated weekday (Sun) |
| %A | Weekday (Sunday) |
| %b | Abbreviated month name (Jan) |
| %B | Month name (January) |
| %c | Date and time |
| %d | Day (leading zeros) (01 to 31) |
| %H | 24 hour (leading zeros) (00 to 23) |
| %I | 12 hour (leading zeros) (01 to 12) |
| %j | Day of year (001 to 366) |
| %m | Month (01 to 12) |
| %M | Minute (00 to 59) |
| %p | AM or PM |
| %S | Second (00 to 61⁴) |
| %U | Week number¹ (00 to 53) |
| %w | Weekday² (0 to 6) |
| %W | Week number³ (00 to 53) |
| %x | Date |
| %X | Time |
| %y | Year without century (00 to 99) |
| %Y | Year (2008) |
| %Z | Time zone (GMT) |
| %% | A literal “%” character (%) |
¹ Sunday as start of week. All days in a new year preceding the first Sunday are considered to be in week 0.
² 0 is Sunday, 6 is Saturday.
³ Monday as start of week. All days in a new year preceding the first Monday are considered to be in week 0.
⁴ This is not a mistake. Range takes account of leap and double-leap seconds.
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参考
- 原文 - Python Cheat Sheet by DaveChild
- Python 速查表
